The scheme which I put forward will, however, receive its full justification if it arouses such interest in
Melanesia as will lead to some organised attempt to rescue its culture from oblivion. <...> During the last year a vast volcanic
catastrophe has swept away a large proportion of the population, and altered the configuration, of one
of the most interesting islands of Melanesia, but this destruction is trivial in extent and importance beside that which is being brought upon the same region every year by the devastating effects of our
'civilisation.'
It is a pleasant relief to turn from these depressing facts to thank those who have helped me in
my work both at home and abroad. <...> This book forms the first instalment of the work of the Percy Sladen
Trust Expedition to Melanesia, and I am glad to acknowledge here the generous assistance of the
Trustees and to thank them for the patience with which they have awaited the publication of the work. <...> I deal chiefly with the details of social organisation
which suffer little if any change as the result of missionary influence and least of all in the field of work
of the Melanesian Mission, whose policy it has been since the time of Bishop Patteson to preserve as
far as possible native institutions. <...> I undertook the survey with the definite object of studying the subjects of kinship and marriage. <...> Nearly all the evidence from the Banks and Torres Islands was
obtained in the Mota language, this having been possible only through the kind help of members of the
Melanesian Mission. <...> The information given by the natives was translated into English for my benefit
and my questions or requests for further information were translated into Mota. <...> In Pentecost Island the information was obtained both in the Mota language and in that
of the northern part of the island, Miss E. Wilson kindly acting as interpreter in the latter case. <...> As I have already said, my chief object in making the survey was to obtain systems of relationship together with such other facts concerning marriage, descent and other social institutions as would
assist the interpretation of the systems. <...> The other opportunity was the
readiness of John Pantutun to talk about the ritual of the Sukwe and Tamate organisations of the Banks
Islands and especially of Mota, his own home. <...> All the systems recorded in this volume are of
the kind called classificatory, which differs greatly from our own <...>
The_history_of_Melanesian_society__In_2_vol._Vol._1.pdf
THE HISTORY OF
MELANESIAN SOCIETY
IN TWO VOLUMES
Volume I
Cambridge:
PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M. A.
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
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TO THE SOCIETY
OF
ST JOHN'S COLLEGE
CAMBRIDGE
TO WHOSE FELLOWSHIP
THIS BOOK IS LARGELY DUE
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
PREFACE................................................................................................................ 7
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................... 9
BANKS ISLANDS................................................................................................ 20
BANKS ISLANDS................................................................................................ 44
BANKS ISLANDS................................................................................................ 63
CHAPTER V BANKS ISLANDS................................................................................................ 91
CHAPTER VI BANKS ISLANDS.............................................................................................. 100
CHAPTER VII THE TORRES ISLANDS.................................................................................... 118
CHAPTER VIII THE NEW HEBRIDES....................................................................................... 126
CHAPTER IX THE SANTA CRUZ ISLANDS.......................................................................... 142
CHAPTER X THE SOLOMON ISLANDS............................................................................... 152
CHAPTER XI
FIJI ....................................................................................................................... 169
CHAPTER XII TIKOPIA.............................................................................................................. 189
CHAPTER XIII TONGA, SAMOA AND NIUE........................................................................... 236
CHAPTER XIV THE HAWAIAN ISLANDS ............................................................................... 242
COMPARATIVE TABLES OF TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP ........................ 250
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Fig. 1. Plan of land. ................................................................................................................................. 41
Fig. 2. The meretag.................................................................................................................................47
Fig. 3. Plan of Vatrata. ............................................................................................................................ 49
Fig. 4. Kava-cup from Mota....................................................................................................................57
Fig. 5. Shapes of hats. ............................................................................................................................. 66
Fig. 6. Shell-money of Banks Islands ................................................................................................... 112
Fig. 7. Kava-cups from Torres Islands.................................................................................................. 123
Fig. 8. Shell to scrape kava. .................................................................................................................. 124
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THE HISTORY OF MELANESIAN SOCIETY
LIST OF PLATES
I.
The island of Mota.................................................................................................................... 22
III. Fig. l. Front of Gamal in Santa Maria....................................................................................... 45
Fig. 2. Charles Wunau. ............................................................................................................. 45
IV. Dance at Vatrata........................................................................................................................ 52
V.
VI.
VII.
Pudding-Knives. ....................................................................................................................... 58
,,. ............................................................................................................................................... 59
,, ................................................................................................................................................59
VIII. Malo-Saru from Ureparapara.................................................................................................... 60
IX. Drawing of Tamate liwoa and viov........................................................................................... 64
X. The wis mask of Tamate liwoa ................................................................................................. 67
XI.
XIII. Fig. 1. Fale atua of Reef Island .............................................................................................. 151
Fig. 2. Interior of fale atua...................................................................................................... 151
XIV. Fig. 1 Tikopian man................................................................................................................ 192
Fig. 2. Tikopian men, showing methods of wearing hair. ...................................................... 192
XV. Fig. 1 A Village in Tikopia..................................................................................................... 193
Fig. 2. A Tikopian hut............................................................................................................. 193
XVI. Fig. 1. Method of carrying. ..................................................................................................... 206
Fig. 2 Group of Children......................................................................................................... 206
XVII. Fig. 1 Tikopian canoe. ............................................................................................................ 208
Fig. 2. Showing method of paddling canoe. ........................................................................... 208
XVIII. Fig. 1. Canoe and canoe-shed. ................................................................................................ 209
Fig. 2 Group of canoe-sheds ................................................................................................... 209
XIX. Clubs from Tokopia and Tonga. ............................................................................................. 212
XX. Fig. 1. Filling water-vessels.................................................................................................... 213
Fig. 2. Mother and children. ................................................................................................... 213
XXI View from the hills looking to the south-east......................................................................... 213
XXII. Fig. 1. Making coconut-cream................................................................................................ 215
Fig. 2. Tikupian women.......................................................................................................... 215
XXIII. Fig. 1. Sacred house of Fangerere........................................................................................... 219
Fig. 2. Shooting fish................................................................................................................ 219
XXIV. Fig. 1 Heating bark of tree in making cloth............................................................................ 226
Fig. 2. Digging taro-garden..................................................................................................... 226
XXV. Fig. 1. Women wearing loin-cloths round their necks and fillets of hair round their heads... 227
Fig. 2. Boys showing methods of cutting hair. ....................................................................... 227
Tamate belts.............................................................................................................................. 93
XII. Fig. 1. Village on Tëmotu....................................................................................................... 146
Fig. 2 Round house of Tëmotu ............................................................................................... 146
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W. H. R. RIVERS.
LIST OF MAPS
Map of Banks and Torres Islands and New Hebrides............................................................................. 21
Map of Santa Crus Islands and Tikopia................................................................................................ 143
Map of the Solomon Islands. ................................................................................................................ 153
Map of Viti Levu................................................................................................................................... 170
Map of Tikopia...................................................................................................................................... 217
Map of Melanesia................................................................................................at the and of first volume
ABBREVIATIONS.
M. Codrington's Melanesians.
M. L. Codrington's Melanesian Languages.
Phonetic System.
See vol. I, p. 18.
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